The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes infections in human skin and mucous membranes. Many varieties of the virus are spread via sexual contact, some of which can subsequently lead to various forms of cancer in the genital and anal regions of both women and men. According to 2010 information from the World Health Organization, the human papillomavirus is the second largest cause of female cancer deaths worldwide, and HPV infection is the cause of nearly all reported cases of cervical cancer.
Sexual Contact
HPV is commonly contracted as a result of sexual contact and the exchange of bodily fluids. According to 2010 information from MayoClinic.com, about 20 million people in the United States have human papillomavirus infections that can lead to genital warts and similarly related lesions. The infection can be spread via both sexual intercourse and anal sex. Even oral sex presents a risk of transmission, since HPV-infected cells may be present in the host's oral cavity. Using a condom during any form of sexual activity can be helpful in reducing the risk of transferring infections. Due to the severity of any potentially sexually transmitted disease, be sure to seek immediate medical attention if you detect any form of warts or lesions in either the genital or anal regions of your body.
Bodily Contact
Sexual contact is not the only means by which HPV can be passed from one individual to another. Since human papillomavirus infections are spread via skin and the mucous membranes, the mouth, throat, and nasal passages can also serve as points of transmission for the virus. As such, the exchange of salivary fluids by way of kissing or even drinking out of the same cup can lead to a potential infection. Wounds, cuts and skin abrasions may also serve as entry points for the virus, and as such, it is always a good idea to dress and cover any obvious epidermal lesions in order to prevent the transfer of illness.
Childbirth
Though it is rare, it is possible for an infected mother to transmit the human papillomavirus to her newborn baby during childbirth. This can result from the baby coming in direct contact with diseased or infected tissues within the birth canal. Infected newborns may suffer from warts in the genital area, or even within the upper respiratory/throat region. If you are pregnant and currently infected with HPV, be sure to discuss your options for ensuring a safe delivery with a healthcare professional.
