Diverticulosis is a digestive disorder that most often affects the large intestine, or colon. Diverticulosis is named for the small pouches, or diverticula, that form in the walls of the colon. These small pouches are most likely to form in the sigmoid colon, which is the last part of the large intestines before the rectum. Symptoms of diverticulosis are often mild, but can include unexplained abdominal cramping, bowel irregularities or blood in the stool. Some individuals may be totally unaware of any changes in their intestinal walls.
Causes of Diverticulosis
It is believed that diverticulosis is caused from increased pressure in the intestines resulting from hard stools or excessive straining during bowel movements. Spasms in the muscular wall of the intestines are additional possible causes. Ultimately, the likely culprit is probably a low fiber diet. In fact, according to Dr. Andrew Weil, a holistic practitioner, diverticular disorders increased in the early 1900's, likely stemming from the advent of processed foods. Stress and a sedentary lifestyle can also be contributing factors. Diverticulosis is uncommon in those under the age of 40.
Risks Associated with Diverticulosis
Symptoms are mild and often clear up without medical intervention. If fecal matter settles in the diverticula, it can cause bleeding as it rubs up against arteries in the colon. If the stool remains lodged, bleeding may continue and infection can occur. The resulting condition is known as diverticulitis. In this case, medical intervention is often required to stop the bleeding and control infection. A colonoscopy is performed to evaluate the condition of the colon and if necessary, administer a drug to clot the bleeding tissue.
Diagnosis
According to the Merck Manual, the size of a diverticulica can range in size from 1/10-inch to 1-inch. Rarely, giant diverticula can reach six inches in diameter. Again, symptoms are often mild, but those who have persistent digestive complaints will need to be evaluated by a doctor. The doctor may recommend a more healthful eating plan to see if the symptoms disappear. If the abdominal cramps persist and the bleeding continues, the doctor may order an exploratory colonoscopy procedure or an x-ray using a barium enema. These procedures are also important to rule out any more serious conditions.
Dietary Changes to Prevent Diverticulosis
According to Dr. Weil, in countries that have high fiber diets, diverticular diseases are rare. The American Dietetic Association recommends 20 to 35 grams of dietary fiber per day; the average American only gets about half the recommended amount. Adding a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as whole grain foods, will increase fiber intake. Supplementing with wheat bran or powdered psyllium husks can also add bulk to the diet, reducing transit time of food through the digestive tract. Weil recommends purchasing from the health food store to avoid common additives like sweeteners and dyes, and drink plenty of water.
Other Lifestyle Interventions
Regular physical activity is also recommended to promote digestive health and increase muscle tone. Stress can wreak havoc on the digestive system; therefore, effective stress management techniques may prove effective. There are many yoga postures that are beneficial to digestive health, especially the twisting maneuvers. If symptoms persist or worsen, contact a gastroenterologist or a other appropriate healthcare provider.
