Numbness is an abnormal sensation that may occur in any area of the body but most often affects the extremities. Numbness in the fingers does usually not indicate a serious condition and develops as a result of peripheral neuropathy, which is damage to the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord. In some cases, finger numbness can be a result of abnormalities with blood vessel constriction.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway that is located on the palm side of the wrist. The carpal tunnel serves as protection for the median nerve, which is the main nerve that supplies sensation and fine movement to the hand. In those with carpal tunnel syndrome, excess pressure is exerted on the median nerve from the carpal tunnel. There are a number of reasons that the excess pressure can occur. In most cases, repetitive movement causes the carpal tunnel to become inflamed, leaving less space for the median nerve. Other health conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, can also cause extra pressure on the nerve. In some cases, those affected are born with an abnormally narrow carpal tunnel.
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include tingling and numbness in the fingers and hand, pain that extends from the wrist to the fingers, and weakness in the hand. Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is aimed at reducing swelling. A combination of corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs and the use of a wrist splint can help reduce swelling and alleviate symptoms. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to release the pressure on the nerve.
Ulnar Nerve Dysfunction
The ulnar nerve travels down the arm from the elbow to the wrist. Ulnar nerve dysfunction is a type of peripheral neuropathy that occurs because of damage to the ulnar nerve. The most common area of damage is right at the elbow, according to MedlinePlus. Frequent causes of damage include fractures, dislocation, long-term pressure on the nerve and chronic inflammation. Symptoms of ulnar nerve dysfunction include numbness in the fingers, pain, tingling, burning and hand weakness. Treatment for ulnar nerve dysfunction depends on the cause. Most cases can be treated with the use of splints, anti-inflammatory medications, pain medications and physical therapy. If pain is severe or the nerve begins to waste away, surgery may be required to relieve pressure on the nerve.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Raynaud's phenomenon is a disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel constriction during times of increased stress or cold temperatures. When blood vessels are constricted, less blood can travel through them. This causes a variety of symptoms, including numbness, coldness, and white or blue color in the fingers and toes. Raynaud's phenomenon does not usually cause tissue death, so in minor cases, treatment is not necessary, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. In those with severe cases, treatment may consist of blood pressure medications, medications that relax blood vessels, and avoiding cold temperatures and increased stress.
