An ear infection, or otitis, is generally mild and does not necessitate the need of antibiotics. Approximately 80 percent of children with a middle ear infection, for example, recover without the need of medication, while adult ear infections may clear on their own, according to MayoClinic.com. In some cases, however, when an ear infection progresses rapidly or the sufferer cannot ward off the infection alone, antibiotics are a necessary treatment. Antibiotics are only functional for bacterial infections, not viruses. The appropriate diagnosis requires an evaluation by a medical professional.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is usually the first line of defense when treating an ear infection, according to New York Times Health Guide. As part of the penicillin family, this antibiotic works by killing the sensitive bacteria causing the infection, Drugs.com says. It generally takes eight to 24 hours after administration for patients to feel earache relief. If an ear infection persists or worsens, however, it could indicate a viral or bacteria-resistance issue in which other medication or maintenance is needed. Typical treatment length is five to seven days for adults and children older than 6.
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
In cases in which a patient does not respond to amoxicillin, physicians prescribe a combination antibiotic with clavulanate. The amoxicillin inhibits the formation of the bacterial cell walls while clavulanic acid prevents the enzymatic synthesis of beta-lactam, which causes bacterial resistance to penicillins, according to Drugs.com. Dosing is usually in a tablet, extended-release tablet or oral suspension form of 250 mg of clavulanate potassium with 400 mg of amoxicillin for adults and children 16 years of age and older.
Azithromycin
For patients with a history of non-response or allergies to pencillin drugs, physicians will prescribe azithromycin, which is part of the macrolide class of antibiotics, according to New York Times Health Guide. Azithromycin works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and is usually a first choice among qualifying patients. It is available as either a tablet or oral suspension liquid taken through the mouth, according to MedlinePlus. Dosing depends on the severity of the infection and the patient. Like all antibiotics, sufferers should finish the complete course of antibiotics to prevent bacterial-resistance and recurrence of infection.
