Starting blocks are equipment used in track and field at the beginning of sprint races. Each runner has his own blocks, and if used correctly, they help keep his feet from slipping when the starting gun is fired and the race begins. Throughout the years, the use of starting blocks has increased to the point that no world-class sprinter will begin a race 400 meters or less without them.
History
Originally, "starting blocks" consisted of digging two holes in the ground at the starting line. In 1935, a patent was given to the creator of the first actual starting blocks, and from there, they have evolved into a requirement for each sprinter. Starting blocks have officially been used at the beginning of races since 1937. Modern starting blocks have motion triggers installed to detect false starts and a small speaker called a silent gun.
Types
The first starting blocks were fairly simple and had just enough room on each block for just the toe. Runners liked this position because, according to SpeedEndurance, "stretch reflex generated by the calf muscle generated a greater force output." In the '80s and '90s, the high block was created, allowing for full contact from toe to heel. Creators believed full contact allowed for greater output. The debate still continues on the short block vs. the high block.
Rules
According to the USA Track and Field rulebook, "Starting blocks are to be used in track events, not as a material aid to the runner, but to protect the track and to expedite the carrying out of the meet." There are also rules on how the blocks are made. They cannot contain springs or any other device that might help the runner accelerate. Each runner running any race up to 400 meters must use starting blocks, according to USATF rules.
Acceleration
A runner uses starting blocks to help with acceleration at the beginning of his race. The force of the push-off once the starting gun sounds helps provide the momentum needed to run the best race possible.
False Start Detection
Another reason starting blocks are now required for certain races is to aid in detecting false starts. Starting blocks have motion sensors so the slightest movement before the gun will notify officials, leading to a false start and restart of the race. Before the blocks were made this way, the detection was left up to the naked eye, leaving room for human error.
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