Numbness and tingling in the hands are usually the result of a type of peripheral neuropathy, which is damage or pressure on a nerve that result in improper nerve signaling. In some cases, numbness and tingling in the hands may be caused by abnormalities or malfunctions in the blood vessels that supply the blood to the extremities.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Raynaud's phenomenon is a disorder that is characterized by episodes of abnormal narrowing of the arteries. When the arteries narrow, blood flow to the limbs and extremities is reduced. This results in numbness and tingling, a cold temperature, and paleness in the fingers and toes. According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, symptoms can last for less than a minute or up to several hours. The exact cause of Raynaud's phenomenon is unclear, but it is known that increased stress and extreme cold temperatures trigger the narrowing of the arteries. Treatment for Raynaud's disease usually consists of a series of lifestyle changes that includes avoiding cold temperatures, stress reduction exercises and increased physical activity. In some cases, medicines to help increase blood flow may be prescribed.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway that is located on the palm side of the wrist and protects the median nerve. The median nerve runs down the arm and provides sensation as well as fine movement ability to the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed due to excess pressure placed on it from the carpal tunnel. Most cases of carpal tunnel syndrome are caused by inflammation of the carpal tunnel due to repeated movement of the wrists and hands or injury. Occasionally, carpal tunnel syndrome may develop as a result of a genetically narrow carpal tunnel. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include tingling and numbness in the palm of the hands and fingers, weakness of the hand and decreased grip strength. A combination of anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy can usually relieve the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke also notes that chiropractic care and acupuncture have benefited some people with carpal tunnel syndrome. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to relieve the pressure on the median nerve.
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
The ulnar nerve travels from collarbone, along the inside of the upper arm, through the elbow and into the hand. It is one of the three main nerves of the arm, and is responsible for providing feeling to the hand and smallest two fingers, as well as finger movement. Ulnar nerve entrapment is a condition that occurs when the ulnar nerve becomes compressed, usually at the elbow, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Prior fractures, bone spurs and swelling of the elbow joint may cause ulnar nerve entrapment and symptoms include numbness and tingling in the hand and small fingers, pain in the elbow, decreased grip strength and difficulty with finger coordination. Ulnar nerve entrapment is usually treated with medications and immobilization of the elbow joint until symptoms go away.
