Blood moves throughout the body, allowing for movement as well as maintaining the crucial role of keeping the heart pumping. Poor leg circulation is accompanied by cramping or pain in the legs, swelling and numbness. This condition may result from underlying medical conditions, or may signal developing problems in the blood vessels. The American Heart Association notes that most people experiencing poor leg circulation can make simple lifestyle changes to improve the condition.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral vascular diseases are characterized by narrowed blood vessels located outside of the heart and brain. This condition is triggered by cold temperatures, emotional stress or structural damage to the blood vessels, resulting in circulation problems of the legs, arms or other body organs. The American Heart Association explains that a related condition, referred to as peripheral artery disease, restricts blood circulation in the arteries leading to the heart, brain and extremities. Fat accumulation in the arteries is the primary culprit in causing circulation problems related to the peripheral arteries.
Venous Insufficiency
Obstruction in the flow of blood through the veins, such as a blood clot, leads to venous insufficiency. According to the Cleveland Clinic, valves within the veins of the legs prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. Forward flow occurs as part of the normal function of veins; however, damage to the valves can stop blood flow in that area, causing a backward leak in the veins. This condition prevents proper circulation, and causes swelling and leg weakness. Acute venous insufficiency is managed through elevating the legs, getting more exercise and managing weight.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. MedlinePlus notes that a common complication of diabetes is problems with circulation caused by vascular disease or poor self-care habits. Individuals with diabetes have dietary and health regimens to follow in order to maintain quality of life. Managing blood glucose levels through prescribed medications and diabetic nutrition planning reduces the risk of complications with this disorder. Additionally, daily exercise to manage weight and promote blood circulation is important in living with diabetes.
Additional Causes
Arteriosclerosis is a condition when pressure and thickening of the arterial walls restricts blood flow to the organs and tissues in the body. MayoClinic.com explains that this condition is related to atherosclerosis, which is fat deposits in the artery walls that cause blockage. In the case of arterial wall damage, peripheral vascular disease, as well as venous insufficiency and poor circulation from diabetes mismanagement, lifestyle choices can cause worsening of these conditions. The American Heart Association suggests keeping blood pressure down through eating a low-fat and low-cholesterol diet, and exercising daily to improve circulation and manage weight. The Cleveland Clinic further notes that smoking causes circulation problems, and cutting down or quitting is suggested to prevent worsening of these conditions.
