Programs such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Fruits and Veggies--More Matters" are aimed at ensuring that the general population consumes adequate vitamins and minerals for good health. However, it is easy to think you need more if you stroll down the vitamin supplement aisle at your local drugstore. Sometimes, your body needs more vitamins than recommended, but occasionally, too much of a good thing can lead to toxicity.
Significance
Vitamins are necessary for normal growth and general health. The average American consumes all of the vitamins and minerals required by their body in daily diets. Occasionally, the use of a vitamin supplement may be recommended. During times of stress on the body, such as pregnancy, severe illness or injury, or after surgery, your body will demand more vitamins and minerals than you can normally consume. At this time, you must consume extra vitamins, either from additional food or supplements, to meet this demand.
Considerations
Poor dietary intake, lack of adequate exposure to the sun, or avoidance of one or more food groups can lead to a gap in adequate vitamin intake. A simple blood test may reveal a deficiency. When a deficiency is discovered, your doctor may recommend taking an excess amount of that vitamin to replenish your body's stores. After the deficiency is resolved, you will be placed back on a maintenance dose.
Effects
Consuming an excessive amount of vitamins over a prolonged period of time can be detrimental. Each vitamin has its own upper limit before problems arise. Certain vitamins are more dangerous than others when the upper limit is exceeded. For example, vitamin A taken in excess amounts, "can lead to birth defects, headaches, vomiting, double vision, hair loss, bone abnormalities and liver damage," according to CNN.
Misconceptions
Not all vitamins taken in excess lead to problems within the body. Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and B vitamins, are excreted in the urine when taken in excessive amounts. As a result, toxicities are rare, although the National Institutes of Health reports that very high doses "can lead to stomach upset and diarrhea." Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and must be replenished daily to meet the body's needs.
Prevention/Solution
To prevent problems with excessive intake of vitamins, you should evaluate your diet or speak to a doctor or dietitian. Your dietary evaluation should include all beverages and snacks consumed throughout the day. Vitamin supplements are not a substitute for a healthy diet, but sometimes, supplements are necessary to manage health problems or maintain overall health. The Food and Drug Administration does not determine whether supplements are effective, so it is important to understand their role and your needs before starting to take one.
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