Nystagmus is a condition characterized by rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC. These movements may be vertical, horizontal or rotary, and may affect one or both eyes. Nystagmus affects the vision of infants and children, and can interfere with learning and academic performance.
Types
There are two primary types of nystagmus that occur in infants, according to the American Nystagmus Network. Congenital nystagmus is present at birth, and is typically diagnosed quickly after birth. Latent or manifest latent nystagmus is not present at birth, but develops later during infancy.
Severity
Congenital nystagmus is the less severe form, and typically does not significantly impact learning or academic performance, according to UMMC. Eye movements are usually not noticeable in infants with congenital nystagmus, although this condition does sometimes affect visual acuity. Latent or manifest latent nystagmus is considered more severe, and can more significantly impact the infant's ability to process visual stimuli.
Causes
The cause of congenital nystagmus is not known. Latent or manifest latent can be caused by inner ear infections and disorders, head injuries and certain medications such as sedatives, according to UMMC. In rare cases, brain tumors and other brain diseases can contribute to the development of nystagmus.
Treatment
There is no known treatment to cure nystagmus; however, surgery may help improve vision. Most people with nystagmus have a "null point"--a point off-center where movements become controlled and vision improves. Surgery for nystagmus typically involves moving eye muscles to bring the null point to the center of the field of vision, according to Cybersight.org.
Considerations
Stress and fatigue can affect the severity of nystagmus symptoms. Your infant's symptoms may worsen when he is tired or nervous, or when he is placed in an unfamiliar environment, according to the American Nystagmus Network. Also, finding your infant's null point can be difficult, although he will likely recognize this point as he progresses into toddlerhood.
