A spinal injection or spinal block is a procedure used to deliver medication directly to the site of a back injury. A spinal injection may be tried in cases where symptoms are severe or not responding to oral medications. It usually involves injecting a local anesthetic to numb the skin and underlying area so the injection is less painful; a dye that can be followed on an X-ray to make sure the medication is going where it is supposed to; and the medication, which is usually a steroid to reduce pain and inflammation. Not all conditions can be managed this way, and some possible side effects from a spinal injection should be discussed with a doctor first.
Temporary Increase in Pain
If a back condition is caused by inflammation in the spine, this excess fluid can press on nearby tissues, muscles and nerves and cause pain. A spinal injection is placing even more fluid into the area. This can cause a temporary increase in symptoms for a few days after the injection, states the University of Maryland Medical Center. However, as the medication works to reduce the inflammation from the injury, the pain should start to subside. In addition, the site of the injection may be sore for a few days. Applying an ice pack to the area can help.
Inability to Urinate
Due to the amount of fluid that is injected into the site along with the numbing medication used, the nerves that control bladder movements will not be able to function properly. After the procedure, it may take some time before patients are able to urinate and they will be required to stay in the hospital until they are able to go independently, the University of Texas Medical Branch notes.
However, in rare cases there may be damage to the nerves that creates an inability to fully empty the bladder. If this occurs, it may be necessary to take medication, or in some cases further surgery is needed if bladder control does not return.
Chronic Numbness and Tingling
Many nerves that run through the spine, including those that control sensations and movements in the legs. In rare cases after a spinal injection, there may be nerve damage that leads to chronic numbness and tingling in the legs and feet, the MayoClinic.com warns.
This may or may not be accompanied by a change in skin color or legs and feet that feel cold, a loss of sensation in the legs and in severe cases paralysis. Using an X-ray or MRI during the injection can help guide the physician in needle placement to help reduce the chances of serious complications.
Allergic Reactions
Another rare but possible side effect is an allergic reaction to the medication or dyes used in a spinal block. Allergic reactions can be mild or life threatening. After a spinal injection, it is important to be on the lookout for skin rashes or hives, itching, trouble breathing, swelling, chest pain or discomfort, severe pain, headaches or fever.
These side effects should be reported immediately to a health care provider. Before the procedure, the physician will ask for a list of substances that a patient is allergic to in order to lower the risk.
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