Albuterol is a medication that is prescribed to relax the bronchial tubes (airways), allowing them to dilate so air can be exchanged. It is given to patients with asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) to help expel mucous and obtain better oxygenation. Swelling and bronchospasms (spasm of the airway) are characteristic of asthma but can also occur from inflammatory lung diseases, including viruses and bacterial infections that cause bronchitis. Albuterol is a prescription medication that should be taken only as directed.
How Albuterol Is Administered
Albuterol is delivered by way of a nebulizer, mixed with a saline solution, or through an inhaler that delivers a specific dose of the medication with each puff, called a metered dose inhaler (MDI). It is also available in tablet and syrup form.
How Albuterol Works
Albuterol is known as a beta-agonist bronchodilator, meaning it activates certain receptors in the airways, known as beta 2 receptors. The result is relaxation of the airways and surrounding muscles. Inhaling the medication ensures that it will act more quickly, an important part of asthma treatment when quick relief is needed. The medication can reverse shortness of breath within five minutes, and the effects last up to six hours. Many patients with asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis use the medication throughout the day, after the effects wear off. Albuterol tablets are normally taken twice daily. The tablets are extended release, and the effects last up to twelve hours. Albuterol is also sold under a variety of brand names; popular examples include Proventil and Ventolin.
Albuterol Side Effects and Interactions
Tolerance can occur when beta-agonist medications such as albuterol are used to treat airway disease. If symptoms are not relieved when using the medication, it is important to seek treatment at the hospital. Your medication may have to be changed. Heart palpitations, fast heart rate and feelings of jitteriness are characteristic symptoms related to beta-agonist medications. Overuse can result in heart attack and death; allergic reactions can also occur. Symptoms should last for only a short period of time, but if they persist it is important to contact your physician. Patients taking heart medications, known as beta-blockers may not respond to the medication because of the blocking action of beta cells that occurs.
Beta agonists can cause low potassium levels. Symptoms include cramping in the muscles, generalized weakness and irregular heart rate. Make sure your physician monitors your potassium levels if you take this medication.
