Barrett's esophagus is a change to the tissue that lines the lower part of the esophagus, usually as a result of repeated damage to the inside of the esophagus. The main cause is longstanding gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Tissue changes can be a precursor of developing cancer of the lower esophagus, known as adenocarcinoma. Dietary guidelines for Barrett's esophagus are similar to those for GERD or chronic heartburn.
Basic Guidelines
According to the GI Care website, diet guidelines for Barrett's esophagus have only a few modifications and limitations to a normal healthy diet. You should choose from a wide variety of healthy foods such as whole grains and cereals, nonfat dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and poultry and fish. Consuming lean, protein-rich foods might help strengthen the muscles of the esophageal valve. A healthy diet meets the Recommended Dietary Allowances, or RDAs, for most nutrients.
Limit
Some foods bother some individuals with Barrett's esophagus but not others. Foods that have the potential to increase acid production and can inflame the lower esophagus include citrus juices and fruits, such as orange, tomato, grapefruit and pineapple; spicy or acidic foods; and tea. Keeping a food journal and/or tracking symptoms can be helpful in identifying foods that cause distress.
Avoid
Avoid foods that increase acid production. The most common offenders are foods and beverages that contain spearmint or peppermint, chocolate and alcohol. Avoid both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee because it increases acid secretion. According to Jennifer Rackley, R.D., other foods to avoid are those that are high in fat, such as fried and fast foods, whole-fat dairy products, oils, creamed soups or other creamed foods. Carbonated drinks, such as sodas, also can cause additional distress.
Nighttime Considerations
Consuming large, heavy meals, especially before bedtime, can cause acid build-up and discomfort throughout the night, according to the Cancernet website. If you have Barrett's esophagus, take a walk after dinner or simply remain upright for two hours before bed and elevate your head slightly in bed, which can help to keep acid in the stomach. Use 4- to 6-inch blocks or a wedge support to elevate the head of the bed.
Other
Overweight individuals tend to have more problems with excess stomach acid and reflux or heartburn. Carrying excess weight, especially around the midsection, is the most problematic. Losing weight might help reduce the occurrence or intensity of acid build-up. If you have cut out certain foods or food groups, talk to your physician or registered dietitian about whether you need to take vitamin and mineral supplements.
