Toenail fungal infections are difficult to treat without drugs. The nail will appear brittle, change shape, crumble, discolor, loosen, lose luster and thicken, according to MedlinePlus. One or more nails can exhibit infection, which is generally caused by ringworm. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and can enter the nail through a small trauma or exposure. People who work in humid and moist environments, walk barefoot in public swimming areas or gyms, or those with a weakened immune system are more likely to contract a fungal infection, MayoClinic.com explains. Fortunately, there are drug treatments that can eliminate toenail fungus, which may or may not require a prescription.
Topical Treatments
Sometimes, a toenail fungal infection is a secondary infection caused by athlete's foot in which the space between the toes becomes itchy, red and burns due to ringworm, according to MedlinePlus. Applying over-the-counter topical treatments helps to fight this condition, but they are not always effective against nail fungus, MayoClinic.com warns. However, it is imperative to first treat the athlete's foot to prevent any further fungal proliferation, and then seek medical attention.
Terbinafine
Terbinafine is an antifungal antibiotic for treatment of fungal infections of the fingernail and toenail, according to Drugs.com. It kills sensitive fungi to prevent persistent infection and induce healing. It is available as an oral tablet, as well as an ointment for skin fungal infections. Generally, patients will see an improvement prior to the end of treatment, but should complete the entire course of antibiotics to prevent a recurring episode.
Itraconazole
Itraconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat infections caused by fungus that invade the lungs, mouth or throat, toenails and fingernails, according to Drugs.com. Itraconazole kills sensitive fungi by interfering with the formation of the fungal cell membrane. This medication is often a last resort as it can cause decreased heart function and is not for patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, warns Drugs.com. Itraconazole is available as a gel cap and as an oral solution. Patients should finish the entire prescription as prescribed by their physicians to ensure the elimination of fungi in their systems. Patients should consult a physician is symptoms worsen or if they develop a fever, shortness of breath, rapid weight gain or numbness as this indicates a severe reaction.
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