Ulcerative colitis, sometimes just called "colitis," is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation takes place in the digestive tract, specifically in the area of the rectum and large intestine. This is different than other inflammatory conditions that can take place at any location. Complications that can arise from ulcerative colitis include liver disease, osteoporosis, an increased risk of colon cancer and inflammation of the joints and eyes.
Significance
Ulcerative colitis is debilitating to the body, and it can even be fatal in some situations. The cause of colitis is unknown and no concrete cure has yet been discovered. However, there are treatment options available that can put it into remission.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of colitis can vary in severity, and they can take place without notice. Pain can be felt in the lower stomach, accompanied by cramps. Severe bouts of diarrhea can take place, sometimes bloody. General fatigue can be felt and weight loss can also occur.
Function
The function of the treatments is to reduce the signs and symptoms of colitis and reduce the inflammation that causes the symptoms to appear. A multidirectional approach is taken.
Drugs
Drugs are one of the first lines of defense in treating colitis. Sulfasalazine, balsalazide, olsalazine and corticosteroids are all anti-inflammatories that doctors might prescribe for treatment. Immune system suppressors are used to keep your immune system from causing inflammation. Examples of these include mercaptopurine, azathioprine, infliximab and cyclosporine.
Identification
Nicotine patches are a treatment option for people who are trying to give up smoking. They wear a patch that gives them a constant amount of nicotine through transdermal absorption. This same treatment can also be used to treat ulcerative colitis. The only catch with patches is that they only offer short-term relief.
Surgery
In a procedure called a proctocolectomy, the rectum and colon are entirely removed from the body. A pouch is then attached from your anus to your small intestine where waste matter gets expelled.
Diet
Dietary adjustments are made when you have colitis to help reduce flareups and control your symptoms. Dairy products are limited; trigger foods like alcohol, carbonated beverages and gassy fruits and vegetables are avoided; and meals are eaten in smaller portions, but more frequently throughout the day.
