Cancer is a group of related diseases that is caused by the growth and spread of cancerous cells, according to the National Cancer Institute. Nutritional deficiencies can occur in individuals diagnosed with cancer--caused by the disease itself or from the side effects of radiation treatment. Proper diet can ensure a healthy weight and prevent muscle loss associated with cancer and radiation treatment.
Significance
Individuals diagnosed with cancer have special nutrition needs because of the change in their metabolism and lack of appetite, according to Medline Plus. Energy needs are elevated from cancer, and the body requires increased calories from food to maintain lean body mass and prevent weight loss. Cancer alters the metabolism by affecting the body's ability to convert carbohydrates, protein and fat into energy. The severity of the cancer, symptoms, food tolerance and the types of treatment all can significantly contribute to nutritional deficiencies among individuals with cancer, reports Medline Plus.
Radiation Therapy
One of the most effective cancer treatments is radiation therapy. The National Cancer Institute reports that radiation therapy works by destroying and preventing the spread of cancerous cells. Radiation therapy also reduces symptoms associated with cancer like pain, blindness or bowel problems.
Side Effects
Radiation treatment is effective at destroying cancerous cells, but it also affects healthy cells within the body, which can result in adverse effects. Some of the most common side effects associated with radiation therapy include swallowing difficulty, nausea, loss of appetite and fatigue, according to the NCI. Hair loss and skin dryness can also occur during radiation treatment.
Food Sources
Cancer patients require a high-calorie and high-protein diet in to prevent weight-loss and muscle wasting associated with the disease and its treatment, according to Medline Plus. Peanut butter and dairy products such as whole milk, yogurt and cheese are excellent sources of calories and protein for cancer patients. Whole eggs and meat products also contain high amounts of protein necessary for lean muscle mass and healthy weight. Other great food sources include almonds, peanuts, beans and whole grains. Medline Plus also recommends a diet that includes a variety of calorie-dense fruits and vegetables. Dried fruit and fruit and vegetable juices are some good ways to incorporate fruits and vegetables for a high-calorie diet. Berries, citrus fruits, carrots and broccoli are just some examples of fruits and vegetables.
Diet Considerations
Consult a doctor and a registered dietitian for the best medical and nutrition advice for your diagnosis and treatment. The National Cancer Institute recommends safe handling and preparation of food in order to prevent infections. Washing your hands and safely storing foods in a refrigerator is the best way to ensure fresh foods and the prevention of germs. Raw fish, meat and eggs are not recommended for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Individuals who have difficulty swallowing may consume thick liquids and foods like milkshakes and mashed potatoes, recommends Medline Plus. Also, consume eight to 12 cups of liquid per day, such as water and fruit juice, to promote appetite and prevent dehydration.
