Cortical dysplasia is a congenital brain defect in the cortex area. The Hemispherectomy Foundation states that this disorder is diagnosed in infancy or early childhood, though it can also show up in rare cases in adolescence. In addition to the numerous symptoms that accompany cortical dysplasia, signs of weakness on one side of the body and blindness in visual fields are also strong indicators of this condition. Symptoms range from mild to severe.
Seizure Activity
Seizure activity, or epilepsy, is the most prominent symptom that serves as a precursor to a diagnosis of cortical dysplasia. According to the "Archives of Neurology," the seizures alone can be treated with antiseizure medication, yet there can be a host of other co-existing issues at hand with symptoms to address. Developmental delays or regression can become highly problematic, especially if milestones were previously reached without delay.
Psychomotor Problems
Psychomotor symptoms are prevalent in some cases. Psychomotor skills comprise the development of peer-appropriate milestones with fine and gross motor movements. The Hemispherectomy Foundation suggests that these movements co-occur with measurements of a larger head circumference and abnormal brain development viewed during a typical brain scan. There is generally a reduction in reflexive movements, especially after the onset of epileptic seizures.
Language Development and Regression
Language development may appear quite normal and progressive until the point at which seizure activity begins. Once seizure activity begins, according to the "American Journal of Neuroradiology," the individual begins to regress in language skill areas. This places a child with cortical dysplasia at considerable risk for missing important developmental milestones and memory functions. The regression of language development can indicate that mental retardation has occurred.
Behavioral Issues
Behavioral issues that accompany cortical dysplasia include poor coping skills and self-soothing difficulties, aggression and hyperactivity. As the condition develops and symptoms worsen, indications of mental retardation become more noticeable. The child may be misdiagnosed with several disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism.
