Blood sugar levels have a significant impact on children, affecting their behavior, moods and health. Blood sugar, also referred to as glucose, is reflective of how much a child eats or his daily activities. Too much glucose in the bloodstream causes the body to secrete insulin to maintain stability. The normal range of blood sugar varies by age and each child's particular situation.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia refers to blood sugar levels above the normal level for a child's age and condition. Stress, illness, too little exercise or overeating may result in hyperglycemia, according to The Children's Hospital of Denver. Taking medications, such as steroids, that increase the blood sugar level also may cause hyperglycemia. Symptoms of this condition include excessive thirst, frequent bathroom trips, weight loss and fatigue.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is the result of too little glucose in the bloodstream. It may occur because of excessive exercise, missing or delaying meals, or too much insulin. A child with hypoglycemia doesn't have enough energy for his body. He may feel shaky, dizzy, irritable or very hungry--he also may have pale, sweaty skin. Babies and young children with hypoglycemia manifest such symptoms as extreme fussiness or irritability, followed by increased hunger.
Insulin
Children who have unbalanced blood sugar levels need to modify their behavior or take medication to provide stability. For those with low blood sugar, adding extra snacks or modifying exercise regimens may stabilize levels. Children with chronically high blood sugar may need to take insulin, which is a type of protein. Insulin is injected into the subcutaneous fat and absorbed by the body. The amount of insulin a child needs depends on the level of glucose in her bloodstream.
Levels
Children with diabetes often must check their blood sugar levels before meals and before they go to bed. Checking a blood sugar level involves a lancet and, if done at home, a glucose meter. The lancet is used to puncture the skin, typically on a finger or the forearm. In young babies, you may use the lancet on the heel. A drop of blood is placed on a test strip connected to the glucose meter, which can provide the blood sugar results within a few seconds.
Significance
Certain situations warrant checking glucose levels more frequently. Illness may cause glucose instability and children who take insulin must adjust the amount accordingly. Children who are very active in sports also may need blood sugar levels checked frequently, as exercise can affect glucose levels, causing hypoglycemia. Babies and toddlers can't explain how they feel if their blood sugar is low; a change in blood sugar may result in a fussy and irritable child.
