When chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells, it has the negative effect of killing healthy cells as well. For many, this means that chemotherapy kills cells of the teeth and mouth. Many oral side effects can be prevented by seeing the dentist before chemotherapy begins. Starting chemotherapy with a healthy mouth makes a big difference in adverse effects that are experienced.
Dry Mouth
The teeth are affected indirectly by the dry mouth that sometimes occurs from cancer treatment. In a healthy mouth, saliva bathes the teeth and other oral structures.Chemotherapy can cause the the salivary glands to have difficulty in making saliva, leading to a condition called xerostomia. Saliva contains chemicals that protect the teeth from decay. A dry mouth allows bacteria to run rampant, leading to cavities and gum disease. The dentist may recommend a saliva substitute to add moisture to the mouth.
Infection
Chemotherapy can greatly affect the cells of the mouth and teeth, but these effects are exacerbated when dental problems already exist.If teeth are already decayed or the mouth is already affected by gum disease, this greatly increases the risk of infection. According to Siteman Cancer Center, chemotherapy may kill white blood cells that aid in immunity to infection. This means that the body may not be able to keep the normal bacteria of the mouth in check. Chances of infection can be decreased by addressing dental health concerns before chemotherapy begins. Good oral hygiene during chemotherapy treatment will also aid in keeping the teeth in good condition.
Mucositis
Mocositis is inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It results in the formation of ulcers and sores throughout the mouth. Mucositis can be very painful, making it difficult to take care of the teeth properly. This can lead to cavity formation and gum disease, especially when experienced with other side effects. There are medications that can be given in advance to prevent its occurrence, but it will usually heal on its own. When suffering from mucositis, it is very important to clean the teeth gently but thoroughly several times per day. Rinsing the mouth with sterile water is important to rinse away the plaque and bacteria that cause cavities.
