The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center explains that chronic pelvic pain is one of the most common medical problems among women. The medical center defines it as pain lasting longer than six months that adversely affects a woman's quality of life. With a number of possible causes, the treatment of pelvic pain depends on the underlying reason.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is one of the more common causes of pelvic pain, according to MayoClinic.com. It causes the tissue of the uterine lining to grow outside of the uterus, which then attaches itself to structures in the pelvis such as the ovaries, intestines and fallopian tubes. MayoClinic.com explains that just as the uterine lining responds to the menstrual cycle, so too does the abnormal tissue growth. It thickens, breaks down and bleeds; however, this is supposed to occur in the uterus, which allows the blood and tissue to exit the body. Because it is occurring outside of the uterus, the blood and tissue become trapped in the abdomen, resulting in painful cysts and bands of scar tissue.
Bands of Scar Tissue
The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center explains that bands of scar tissue, also known as pelvic adhesions, are another possible source of pelvic pain. The medical center's causes include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic surgery. A doctor may feel the uterus and ovaries bound together by the bands of scar tissue when performing a pelvic exam, but in most cases surgery is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A non-gynecological cause of pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome produces symptoms of bloating, diarrhea and constipation. This can cause a considerable amount of pelvic pressure and pain in women who suffer from this condition. High stress levels and a poor diet can worsen the symptoms, and in many cases, a gynecologist refers her patient to a gastrointestinal specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment, explains the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center.
Chronic Bladder Inflammation
Chronic bladder inflammation is a painful bladder syndrome also known as interstitial cystitis. MayoClinic.com states that it causes a frequent need to urinate, and as the bladder fills, pelvic pain occurs. Some women may experience temporary relief once the bladder is empty. The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center adds that it may be necessary to undergo an evaluation by a urologist.
Psychological Problems
Anxiety, depression and chronic stress can make pelvic pain worse. It works both ways, however, as chronic pelvic pain can result in depression. The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center adds that in some instances, pelvic pain can be a symptom of depression or anxiety. The medical center recommends seeking treatment for either of these conditions, as therapy and medication might be necessary.
