An elevated blood glucose level is defined as excess blood sugar in the blood, and medically known as hyperglycemia. It is a common occurrence in an individual with diabetes whom do not have controlled blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is associated with frequent hunger, thirst and urination, weight loss, recurrent infections, fatigue, blurred vision, altered sensation and impotence. If hyperglycemia is severe it can lead to a serious conditions like coma or ketoacidosis. Hyperglycemia is defined as a blood sugar level above 125 mg/dL, or 7mmol/L.
Diet and Exercise
Diet is frequently a factor for hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes. A diet too high in carbohydrate, specifically refined carbohydrates, such as white grains and sweets can increase blood sugar levels. High glycemic index foods, or foods which are low in fibre, highly processed, and lower in fat and protein tend to raise blood sugar levels. Exercise can also increase blood sugar levels if an individual does not practice usual exercise patterns, exercise enough, or experiences strenuous physical exercise.
Medications that Increase Glucose
Certain medications can also increase blood sugar levels in the body. Medications for the heart and circulatory system including beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, and niacin can increase blood glucose. Antidepressants, Zyprexa and Cymbalta can cause significant hyperglycemia. Epinephrine, corticosteroids, protease inhibitors, as well as some anti-psychotic medications can also cause hyperglycemia.
Stress and Infections Can Elevate Blood Sugar
Emotional and physiological stress can increase blood sugar with or without the presence of diabetes. A raised blood sugar level is also commonplace in trauma and surgery. During episodes of stress, the body releases many compounds including acute phase proteins, like C-reactive protein, or stress hormones, like catecholamines, which can raise blood sugar levels.
Naural Body Responses
The time of day can also have an impact on blood sugar levels. According to the Merck Manual, blood sugar levels increase in many people in the early morning hours because of the normal release of hormones, specifically growth hormone and corticosteroids, a reaction called the dawn phenomenon. And blood sugar may also shoot too high if the body releases sugar in response to low blood sugar levels, also known as the Somogyi effect.
How to Control Blood Sugar Levels
To maintain euglycemia, eat and exercise frequently. Be sure to include balanced meals with all food groups and macronutrients, including carbohydrates, protein and fat. Consult a medical doctor for medication and stress management. For individuals with diabetes, it is important to follow insulin or medication regimes, as limited, or skipped dosages can also increase blood sugar.
