Itching occurs as an immune response by the body to stimuli in or on the body. Itching may be generalized, which means that it occurs over the entire body, or localized, which means it only occurs in one area. Extreme itching can be tremendously bothersome and may lead to persistent scratching, which can spread rashes and result in infections.
Atopic Eczema
Atopic eczema is a chronic skin condition characterized by scaly skin and extremely itchy rashes. Atopic eczema develops as a result of a hypersensitivity reaction in the skin that causes chronic inflammation. The condition has a genetic component and is often related to allergies and asthma, according to Medline Plus. In addition to itchy and scaly skin, those with atopic eczema may also experience oozing blisters, changes in skin color and thickened areas of skin. Atopic eczema can usually be successfully managed with over-the-counter antihistamines, cold compresses and avoidance of scratching. The affected areas should also be kept moist with lotions and petroleum jelly. In severe cases, injections of anti-inflammatory medications and antibiotic creams may be needed.
Dry Skin
Dry skin, medically referred to as xerosis, occurs when the skin loses moisture. There are a number of reasons that dry skin may develop. Weather is a common cause with most people experiencing the most intense dry skin during the winter, according to MayoClinic.com. Other causes include central heating, air conditioning, hot showers, certain soaps and laundry detergents, sun exposure and thyroid disorders. Extreme itching and rough-looking skin are some of the most common symptoms of dry skin. Other regular symptoms include a feeling of tightness in the skin, flaking, peeling, scaling, cracks, skin redness and fissures. Most cases of dry skin can be managed with regular use of moisturizers and avoiding hot showers. In more severe cases, prescription creams and ointments may be needed.
Body Lice
Body lice are parasitic insects that live on clothing and bedding and move to the skin surface to feed off blood. Body lice infestations are most common in crowded living areas where hygiene is poor, such as homeless shelters or refugee camps, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Extreme itching and rash are the most common symptoms of body lice. Scratching of affected areas can lead to open wounds and blisters on the skin surface. Body lice are contagious and can be spread through direct contact with an infected individual or sharing clothes or linens with someone who is infected. Body lice can usually be effectively treated with proper hygiene techniques and washing any contaminated objects in hot water. In some cases, a cream ointment to kill lice may be needed.
