According to the Mayo Clinic, metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in various parts of the body. It is particularly effective against certain microorganisms referred to as anaerobic bacteria, which are bacteria that can flourish in the absence of oxygen. Metronidazole is used to treat infections in the stomach, on the skin, in the respiratory tract and even the vagina. Although it is usually a well-tolerated drug, adverse side effects or reactions are possible.
Gastrointestinal
Metronidazole's more common side effects involve gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. When taking this medication in its tablet form, it is recommended that patients take the drug on either an empty stomach or as many as two hours following the completion of a meal. Per documentation in the online Physician's Desktop Reference, PDR Health, patients should avoid alcohol when taking metronidazole, as it may exacerbate certain stomach discomfort or pain during treatment as well as lead to additional health-related complications.
Drowsiness
This medication may cause patients to experience some degree of drowsiness, dizziness or lightheadedness. Individuals may feel somewhat weak, clumsy or unsteady while ambulatory. As with most pharmaceuticals, patients should avoid driving and operating any type of heavy machinery until they become aware of how metronidazole affects them. Some older patients may be at an increased risk of fainting. To reduce this risk, these individuals should avoid standing up or sitting down too quickly.
Urinary Side Effects
Individuals may suffer minor pain during urination while being treated with metronidazole, and they may experience more frequent urination. According to the Cleveland Clinic, metronidazole can cause urine to appear reddish in color. This reaction is not cause for alarm and should stop upon cessation of metronidazole use.
Rashes or Itchiness
Although it is considered a rare side effect, metronidazole patients may notice red rashes developing on their skin, or they may experience dry, itchy patches or hives on the body. Additionally, female patients may suffer from vaginal irritation or dryness when using the medication. Patients with concerns regarding these or other side effects should consult their health care provider immediately.
Unpleasant Taste
The Physician's Desktop Reference indicates that metronidazole may cause users to experience an unpleasant, almost metallic-like taste in their mouths. Others may suffer from extreme dryness in the mouth or notice swelling of the tongue. These are common and mild side effects and should not be a cause for alarm.
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