Congestive heart failure, also known as heart failure, is the inability of the heart to pump the body's blood through the heart. The blood tends to pool in the heart and build up in the lungs, causing congestion. Heart failure is not a disease---it is defined as a condition or process, according to The University of Maryland Medical Center. Symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, swelling in legs and feet and rapid or irregular heart beat. Diagnosing congestive heart failure is done using a variety of medical tests and procedures.
Audible Examination
A doctor or nurse can listen to respiration using a stethoscope and may hear wheezing or crackling noises. The crackling noises are due to fluid buildup in the lungs. Abnormal heart rhythms and rapid heart beat may also be heard.
Physical Examination
Swelling and edema of the lower extremities is common. Pitting edema is seen when a finger is slightly pushed into the skin of the foot and the skin does not immediately bounce back. Neck veins may appear distended. The abdomen may be palpated to feel for an enlarged or tender liver.
Laboratory Tests
A sample of blood may be taken to check for signs of congestive heart failure. Other diseases may be ruled out. The doctor may look for increased levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The chemical is secreted by the heart when it is injured.
Chest X-Ray
A chest x-ray will show visible signs of an enlarged heart. Fluid in the lungs can also be seen to aid in diagnosis.
Echocardiogram
The echocardiogram uses ultrasound imaging to measure the function of the heart's valves as well as the measurement of how much blood the heart is pumping. This amount is called the left ventricle ejection fraction. The procedure is noninvasive and can also determine where the heart failure is occurring and to what extent.
Electrocardiogram
Also known as an EKG, the electrocardiogram doesn't diagnose heart failure, however is commonly used to identify underlying heart problems that may have occurred, such as a heart attack. An EKG can identify an enlarged heart muscle, irregular heart rate and abnormalities.
