Freckles and age spots are two forms of hyperpigmentation, a generally harmless condition of the skin. While freckles are an inherited characteristic and the sun causes age spots, both types of spots tend to become more noticeable with sun exposure. This darkening effect occurs because sunlight triggers melanin production, causing normal and hyperpigmented areas of the skin to tan, explains the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology.
Aa number of treatments for hyperpigmentation include laser therapy, dermabrasion and chemical peels. Though effective, doctors must administer these treatments and they may not be covered by insurance, says MayoClinic.com. At-home fade creams offer a less expensive alternative. With regular long-term use, these over-the-counter products work by gradually fading hyperpigmented areas of skin.
Step 1
Select a fade cream containing 2 percent hydroquinone. According to the website DermNetNZ, hydroquinone is a skin bleaching agent used to lighten skin discolorations, including freckles and age spots.
Step 2
Wash your face with a cleanser containing glycolic acid, a mild chemical exfoliant. This will help slough off the surface layer of skin, allowing the hydroquinone treatment to more effectively penetrate hyperpigmented areas. According to Discovery Health, over-the-counter glycolic acid products typically come in 5 percent to 10 percent formulations.
Step 3
Apply a thin layer of the hydroquinone cream to the treatment area and rub in well. Wash your hands thoroughly. DermNetNZ warns that hydroquinone creams lighten indiscriminately, so it is important to keep the product away from normal-colored skin.
Tips and Warnings
- Before using a topical bleaching product, carefully read the included labeling and instructions. Recommended dosages, frequency of use and length of treatment time varies by product. According to DermNetNZ, discolored areas typically improve after four weeks of treatment. Stop using hydroquinone cream if lightening does not occur after three months.
- Hydroquinone cream and glycolic acid can cause temporary side effects, such as mild redness and irritation. Discontinue use of the products if these symptoms persist. Seek medical attention if you experience severe burning, itching or irritation while using glycolic acid or hydroquinone products. Glycolic acid can cause sun sensitivity. Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen to avoid burning and further darkening of hyperpigmented areas. The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology warns that "a single day of excess sun can undo months of treatment." Hydroquinone should not be used with products containing peroxide, as this may cause a temporary dark staining of the skin. If this occurs, wash the affected areas with soap and water. Women who are pregnant and breastfeeding should not use hydroquinone.
Things You'll Need
- Hydroquinone cream
- Glycolic acid cleanser
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