Guaifenesin is a type of medication known as an expectorant. This drug works by loosening and adding moisture to the mucus in the lungs. This means that coughing is more likely to expel mucus from the lung which will, over time, reduce the patient's urge to cough. As a result, guaifenesin is commonly found in many cough and cold medications and can be purchased over the counter. Despite its widespread use, side effects are associated with taking guaifenesin.
Gastrointestinal
The most common side effects associated with guaifenesin involve the digestive tract. This medication can result in nausea, possibly causing vomiting, according to Drugs.com. Patients may also develop stomach pain and can develop diarrhea as a result of taking products containing guaifenesin.
Nervous System
Guaifenesin can also cause patients to develop a headache or become dizzy, the Mayo Clinic states. The latter side effect can be particularly troublesome, as it can make it difficult for the user to engage in activities that require a high level of concentration, such as driving a car.
Allergic Reactions
Guaifenesin is also able to trigger allergic reactions in susceptible patients. The most common allergic reaction is the development of an itchy rash or hives which, while not serious, can cause discomfort. More serious allergic reactions can cause parts of the face, including the lips and tongue, and the extremities to swell. Anaphylaxis, the most serious kind of allergic reaction, results in swelling of the throat. Not only can this cause hoarseness and difficulty swallowing, but also it can cut off a patient's air supply, resulting in a medical emergency.
Pregnant or Nursing Mothers
The safety of guaifenesin for unborn fetuses has not yet been tested, which means that scientists do not know if this medication can cross the placenta and cause birth defects, according to RxList. As a result, guaifenesin is not recommended for pregnant women unless a doctor determines that the benefits of using the medication outweigh the risks. In addition, it is not known if this medication is excreted in breast milk or if it is toxic to newborns; caution should be taken by nursing mothers if using this medication.
