The esophagus, which attaches to the stomach, is the portal where food passes through. The diaphragm is an opening in the chest cavity where the stomach and esophagus meet. When a gap forms in one body part and another body part goes through it, a hernia takes place. When this happens in the diaphragm, it's called a hiatal hernia.
Significance
Hiatal hernias can be big or small, and can range in severity from mild to serious. When hiatal hernias are really large, acid reflux and heartburn can be seen. These are signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In the worst of situations, esophageal cancer can eventually develop.
Causes
The hiatus is the actual opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through. There is no definite cause for hiatal hernias, but there is a direct link between having a lot of pressure on the abdomen and developing a hiatal hernia. This can come from an injury, straining while going to the bathroom, repetitive lifting of heavy objects or from persistent coughing.
Symptoms
When you have a hiatal hernia, you can experience pain in your chest. This can be accompanied by nausea. If your hernia becomes strangulated or twisted, your esophagus can become obstructed, the pain in your chest can be severe and swallowing can become difficult.
Effects
Symptoms of hiatal hernias can be worsened by placing your body under certain stresses. Symptoms can be exacerbated when you lie down, lean forward, strain, lift heavy objects or if you are pregnant.
Treatments
Treatments for hiatal hernias are targeted at reducing acid in the stomach and esophagus. Antacids, H-2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors can be used. They come in over-the-counter and prescription formulas. In the most severe cases, surgery can be done to decrease the size of the opening in your diaphragm or to remove the hernia sac that has developed.
Identification
Home remedies can be used to reduce the symptoms that GERD brings on with hiatal hernias. Eating small, frequent meals can reduce the amount of acid being produced in the stomach. Wearing loose clothes can reduce the tension on your stomach and chest. Avoiding alcohol, smoking and caffeine can prevent the esophagus from becoming inflamed.
