Glucose is often referred to as blood glucose or blood sugar. Glucose, the major source of energy for the blood's cells, is carried to cells through the bloodstream, according to Kids Health. It comes from food or the body manufactures it. Insulin and other hormones control glucose levels in the blood.
Glucose and Insulin
The amount of blood sugar or glucose in our bodies is critical for health. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which allows glucose to enter cells to produce energy. Diabetes results when your body can't make enough insulin or use it properly. Sugar builds up in the blood, instead of entering your cells. "Too much blood sugar can lead to heart disease and damage to the nerves and kidneys," Family Doctor explains.
Diabetes and Prediabetes
Glucose levels determine prediabetes and diabetes. If your glucose level is 126 mg. or above, you are considered to be a diabetic. A range of 100 to 125 mg. is considered to be prediabetic, with a good chance of becoming diabetic in the future. If your glucose level is 70 to 90 mg., you are in the normal range. Type 1 diabetes occurs when your body doesn't produce any insulin; and Type 2 occurs when your body doesn't produce any insulin or your cells ignore the insulin. Most diabetics--90 to 95 percent--are determined to have type 2 diabetes.
Glucose Tests
A blood glucose test is used to measure the amount of glucose in the blood. The glucose test can detect not only diabetes, but also hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, according to Lab Tests Online. A big drop in glucose may cause hypoglycemia, which can cause serious damage to the nervous system and eventually to the brain if untreated. Diabetics are prone to low blood sugar and hypoglycemia as well as high blood sugar. Since diabetes begins with few symptoms, a blood glucose test is important. Diabetics usually monitor their own blood sugar level several times a day.
Reducing Your Glucose Level
You can lower your glucose level and reduce your chances of developing diabetes. Lose weight if you are overweight and exercise frequently--30 minute workouts of cardio exercise, brisk walking or swimming, five days a week. Eat healthy, including fruits and vegetables, lots of fiber. Avoid sugar, honey, and molasses as much as possible.
Risk Factors for High Glucose Levels and Diabetes
The highest risk factor for high glucose and diabetes is being overweight. The more overweight you are, the more resistant your body becomes to insulin. Heredity also plays a role. If you have a diabetic parent or sibling, your chances of developing diabetes is higher. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, a "good" cholesterol level less than 40 mg. or a triglyceride level higher than 250. Also, Native Americans, Hispanics, Blacks, and Pacific Islanders have a higher incidence of diabetes.
