The Pausinystalia yohimbe tree contains an active component called yohimbine, which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved as a prescription drug. Yohimbe bark extract, in contrast, is available over the counter as a natural supplement. Both substances are mainly used for treating erectile dysfunction, but they also may enhance sex drive in women. Nearly all the related research has focused on the drug, which contains much higher amounts of the active compound, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health at its MedlinePlus website. Consult a qualified health care provider before taking herbal supplements.
Relatively Minor Effects
Yohimbe bark extract is traditionally linked to several relatively minor side effects, according to MedlinePlus. They include skin flushing, elevated temperature, sweating, decreased appetite, stomach cramps, nausea, dizziness, headache, tremors and visual disturbances.
Psychological Effects
Use of this herb can worsen anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, according to eMedTV. It might increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in some people with depression. Physician Ray Sahelian, who specializes in natural supplements, warns against taking yohimbe with antidepressants because it could worsen side effects of the medication. High doses of yohimbe may cause agitation, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, insomnia, irritability, mood changes and nervousness.
Genitourinary Effects
Some people may experience painful urination, genital pain and increased frequency of urination when taking yohimbe, according to MedlinePlus. The herb might worsen the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. It may also cause water retention, which can be hazardous for people with kidney disease, as noted by eMedTV. A report published in the December 2009 issue of the "Journal of Medical Toxicology" described a severe case of priapism, or painful and abnormally long-lasting erection, after consumption of yohimbe extract. Treatment required insertion of a shunt.
Cardiovascular Effects
Yohimbe can be particularly hazardous for people with any type of heart problem, warns eMedTV. Low doses of this herb can cause high blood pressure, while high doses can lead to very low blood pressure. The prescription drug yohimbine is associated with cardiovascular issues, and yohimbe might have the same effects depending on the dosage and concentration in the supplement, according to MedlinePlus. Yohimbine can cause increases in heart rate, heart rhythm abnormalities, chest discomfort, fluid retention, chest discomfort and altered platelet function. It also may lower the level of white blood cells, which decreases immune function.
Allergic Reaction
Yohimbe can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Signs as listed by eMedTV may include a rash, hives, itching, mouth or throat swelling, wheezing and difficulty breathing.
Considerations for Women and Children
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take yohimbe, and neither should children. It may cause the uterine muscles to relax, and it could be toxic to the fetus, according to eMedTV. In addition, children seem very susceptible to the toxic side effects of this herb, and it could transfer to a baby through breast milk.
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