The small bowel and large bowel make up the digestive tract. The first part of the large bowel is the colon, and it is in this location that water is absorbed into the body from digested food. The rectum is the second part of the large bowel and this is the sight where feces is stored before it is evacuated from the body. Diseases that take place in the colon and rectum can be chronic and they can also be life-threatening.
Significance
Cancer that takes place in the colon or rectum is often referred to as colorectal cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, colorectal cancer accounts for almost 10 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States and it is common in both men and women.
Function
The bowel is designed to function a certain way. When it does not function properly but looks completely normal, it is said to have a functional disorder. According to the Cleveland Clinic, this is the most common problem that affects the colon and rectum. Structural disorders take place when there is a visual abnormality and a part of the colon or rectum needs to be surgically repaired or removed.
Symptoms
When a disease or disorder is present in the colon or rectum, you can experience various symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, gas, bloating, cramping and diarrhea that has mucous or blood in it. Common diseases that can cause these symptoms include Irritable Bowel Syndrome, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and gastroenteritis.
Causes
Diseases of the colon and rectum are generally unexplainable or hereditary. But there are certain things that can increase your risks of developing a disease. Fiber is a substance that helps promote regularity and keeps waste materials moving along through the colon. If your diet is low in fiber and you do not drink enough fluids, you can develop constipation. This is turn can lead to hemorrhoids or anal fissures which are cracks in the lining of the anal tissue.
Expert Insight
When you experience any irregular symptoms in your digestive system, seek medical care as soon as possible. This can minimize your chances of developing a serious disease. Since fiber helps to promote bowel movements, make sure to get plenty of it in your daily diet. The Mayo Clinic recommends that women get 21 to 25 grams a day and men get 30 to 38 grams a day. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, seeds and nuts are all high in fiber.
