Menstruation is a reproductive process that involves the shedding of the uterine lining to allow for a new reproductive cycle. Normal menstruation can occur anywhere from 21 to 35 days and bleeding may last for a couple of days to several days, depending on the individual. When vaginal bleeding occurs independently of menstruation, it is referred to as spotting and can indicate an underlying health condition.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that grow inside of the uterus. Fibroid growth seems to be linked to the hormone estrogen, although the exact cause of fibroid development is unknown, according to MedlinePlus. Fibroids can range in size from miniscule to weighing several pounds, and usually develop in groups. Spotting is a common symptom of uterine fibroids. Other symptoms include abdominal fullness, gas, urinary urgency, heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic cramps, abdominal pressure and pain during intercourse. Treatment for uterine fibroids varies depending on specific characteristics of the affected individual. Medical intervention is generally not needed for small fibroids. Larger fibroids may be treated with hormone therapy or surgical removal.
Cervicitis
Cervicitis is the inflammation of the cervix, the narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervicitis usually develops as a result of an infection, but can also occur as a result of allergies, use of inserted birth control devices and exposure to chemicals, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria can cause cervicitis, as well. Symptoms of cervicitis include spotting, heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding after sexual intercourse, unusual vaginal discharge, vaginal pain, pain during intercourse and pressure in the pelvis. Treatment for cervicitis depends on the cause of the inflammation, but generally consists of cryosurgery, which involves freezing the cervix, electrocauterization, which involves burning the cervix, laser therapy, antibiotics, or hormone therapy.
Vaginitis
Vaginitis literally means inflammation of the vagina. The cause of the inflammation depends on the type of vaginitis present. Possible causes include bacterial overgrowth, yeast infections, sexually transmitted diseases and chemical irritants that are found in feminine cleansing products and sprays, according to MayoClinic.com. Symptoms of vaginitis include light spotting, change in vaginal discharge, itching, irritation, pain during intercourse and pain during urination. Vaginitis is treated with a combination of medications, although the types of medication depend on the cause of the infection. Antibiotics, antifungals and hormone creams are all possible treatment options.
