Itching is a normal body reaction that occurs as a result of an immune response to some type of foreign stimuli. Generalized itching describes itching that is felt on a variety of areas on the body. Localized itching describes itching that occurs in a specific area of the body. Excessive itching is tremendously bothersome and can indicate chronic skin disorders or allergic responses.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition characterized by patches of thick red skin covered in flaky, white patches. These patches of skin cause excessive itching and irritation and occasionally, skin lesions are accompanied by changes in nail structure. Psoriasis most commonly affects the elbows, knees and trunk, but is also often seen on the scalp, according to Medline Plus. The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, but it is believed to be result of a combination of genetic factors and abnormal immune responses, according to Medline Plus. Psoriasis is usually treated with topical creams and medicated lotions that can ease symptoms. In severe cases, immune suppressing medications may be prescribed in an attempt to reduce formation of scales.
Dry Skin
Dry skin, or xerosis, occurs when skin cells lose moisture and become flaky and shriveled. When skin becomes dehydrated, it results in several symptoms such as excessive itching, tightness, peeling, scaling, cracking, formation of fine lines and redness. Most cases of dry skin are caused by severe environmental exposures such as extremely cold weather, heating or air conditioning and extended sun exposure. Hot showers and use of products that contain chemical irritants can also cause dry skin, according to MayoClinic.com. Most cases of dry skin can be treated with the regular use of moisturizers and avoidance of hot showers and extreme temperatures. In severe cases, prescription creams may be prescribed to treat dry skin.
Hives
Hives, medically referred to as urticaria, are swollen, itchy bumps that develop on the surface of the skin in response to an allergic reaction. Hives vary in size and can range from a couple of millimeters in diameter to several inches, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. There are several types of hives. Acute urticaria lasts fewer than six weeks and is usually caused by reactions to food, certain medications and infections. Chronic urticaria lasts longer than six weeks and can be brought on by various causes that are usually difficult to identify. Physical urticaria can be caused by exposure to sunlight, cold temperatures, increased pressure and exercise. Symptoms usually develop within minutes and fade after a few hours. Most cases of hives will dissipate with removal of the specific trigger. If itching and swelling do not go away on their own, antihistamines can provide relief.
