MayoClinic.com defines rectal bleeding as bleeding that originates anywhere from the lower colon to the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. Depending on the origin of the bleeding, blood from the rectum can range in color from dark maroon to bright red. Although most causes are not serious, bleeding from the rectum can signify colon cancer so it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause.
Anal Fissure
An anal fissure is a visible tear in lining of the anus or the anal canal. Anal fissures are usually caused by trauma to the anus from chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements or persistent diarrhea, but may also occur as a result of tight anal muscles or scarring around the anus, according to Cleveland Clinic. In addition to a visible tear, other symptoms of an anal fissure include bleeding from the rectum, pain during a bowel movement, burning and itching around the anus and foul discharge. The goal of treatment of an anal fissure is to reduce pressure on the anal muscles to allow the tear to heal through the use of stool softeners, warm baths, avoidance of prolonged sitting on the toilet and keeping the anus lubricated.
Colon Polyps and Colon Cancer
Colon polyps are small growths that form on the lining of the colon. Colon polyps develop as a result of uncontrolled cell growth, and although most polyps are benign, each carries a risk of developing into cancer, according to MayoClinic.com. Colon polyps vary in size and shape and small polyps do not usually cause any symptoms. Larger polyps may result in rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, constipation, diarrhea, pain or bowel obstruction. Because colon cancer is also a common cause of rectal bleeding, and it is possible for polyps to develop into cancer, polyps are removed or biopsies are taken during a colonoscopy. If a biopsy determines that a polyp has developed into colon cancer, surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may be necessary. Successful treatment is more likely in the early stages of colon cancer, so it is important to see a doctor if any rectal bleeding is discovered.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are painful and swollen veins that develop in the lower section of the rectum or anus due to increased pressure in the veins. Increased pressure most often occurs as a result of straining during bowel movements, constipation, sitting for extended periods of time, anal infections and pregnancy, according to MedlinePlus. Symptoms of hemorrhoids include rectal bleeding, anal itching, anal pain, pain during bowel movements and hard, tender lumps around the anus. Hemorrhoids can usually be treated at home with corticosteroid creams, salt baths and stool softeners. In severe cases, medical procedures may be needed to shrink hemorrhoids or remove them.
