Swelling in the legs and feet---edema---is common, particularly among older people and those who are obese or pregnant. Because a life-threatening condition may be the cause of edema, it is important for patients with swelling to see a doctor. Once a doctor discovers the underlying cause, treatments can be pursued. Elevation techniques, diet modifications and diuretic medications are often helpful.
Pregnancy
Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to swelling in the feet and legs. To assist the fetus and placenta, a woman's body creates more blood and fluids, as much as 50 percent more, according to the American Pregnancy Association. These excess fluids sometimes pool in the legs and feet, especially when a pregnant woman sits or stands for long periods. Compression garments can help increase circulation and relieve the swelling.
Disease
Diseases that affect the heart, kidneys or liver are sometimes the cause of feet and leg swelling. Typically, when a serious condition such as heart failure or kidney or liver disease exists, other more prominent symptoms occur. People with shortness of breath, fatigue, bloody stools, changes in mental status or other acute symptoms should consult a doctor for causes.
Obesity
Approximately one in three Americans is obese, according to MayoClinic.com. Obesity describes those who are more than just overweight. Doctors use a measurement called the BMI---body mass index---to determine obesity. A person whose BMI registers 30 or higher is obese. The additional weight increases risks of diseases and contributes to swelling in the feet and legs. The good news is, a person who loses a mere 5 to 10 percent of his weight can delay or prevent complications, according to MedlinePlus.
