Heartburn causes a burning feeling or pain in the chest often following a meal or after eating a certain food. The sensation spreads through the throat and sometimes causes a bitter taste in the back of the mouth. Indigestion, also called dyspepsia, results in a feeling of fullness or pain in the upper abdomen after a meal. The fullness may occur during a meal. Heartburn and indigestion may occur alone or together. The disorders have similar causes.
Acid Reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, also called GERD, causes problems in the digestive tract that can lead to indigestion, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. People with GERD suffer serious acid reflux symptoms that lead to frequent heartburn episodes. The symptoms often occur after eating a large meal and lying down or bending over. An esophageal valve usually opens when food and beverages enter the stomach and then closes to keep stomach contents from rising back up. Acid reflux occurs when the muscle valve does not close properly and allows stomach acid backup, causing heartburn. Indigestion can result from frequent acid reflux attacks.
Medication, such as antacids and acid reducers, or changes in foods that cause the disorders can improve conditions. In some cases, doctors recommend surgery to strengthen the esophageal muscle and prevent acid reflux symptoms in patients with GERD.
Diet
Overeating can lead to heartburn and indigestion. Spicy, fatty or greasy foods also trigger the conditions for some people. People with frequent heartburn may suffer symptoms after eating certain foods, such as tomato-based products, onions, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate and peppermint, along with high-fat foods, according to Cleveland Clinic. If the condition develops into GERD, it can also lead to indigestion. Drinking alcohol, caffeine and carbonated beverages can cause heartburn and indigestion. Eating slowly and chewing food thoroughly helps reduce symptoms, MedlinePlus points out. Avoiding arguments during meals and eating in a calm environment can prevent heartburn and indigestion.
Health Conditions
Smokers increase their risk of heartburn and indigestion because smoking affects the digestive process by inhibiting the production of saliva, causing problems in the stomach and throat. Being overweight can cause more bouts of heartburn and indigestion. Underlying problems for heartburn and indigestion may also include gastric or duodenal ulcers; gallstones; cancer; abnormalities in the pancreas; and gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. Stress and nervousness can cause indigestion, MedlinePlus notes. Stress also triggers heartburn. Certain medications, such as aspirin and some anti-inflammatory drugs, can also trigger heartburn or indigestion.
