Fatigue is described as an intense feeling of sleepiness that interferes with daily functions and is often not relieved by any amount of sleep. Fatigue and sleepiness often occur as a normal response during times of increased stress or an abnormally busy schedule. When fatigue and sleepiness persist, they can indicate underlying conditions such as malnutrition, hormonal imbalances or disruptions in normal body processes.
Pernicious Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the body to carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to the tissue. Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that develops as a result of a lack of vitamin B12 in the body. Inadequate vitamin B12 in the body can occur due to lack of B12 in the diet, improper absorption of B12 by the small intestine or lack of intrinsic factor, which is a protein in the stomach that is needed to properly absorb B12. The most common symptoms of pernicious anemia are fatigue and sleepiness, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, pale skin, increased sensitivity to cold, tingling and numbness in the hands and feet, muscle weakness and difficulty with balance. Pernicious anemia is usually treated with regular injections of B12. For less severe cases, oral B12 supplementation may be sufficient.
Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck just under the larynx, which is responsible for voice. The thyroid gland releases several hormones that help in maintaining proper metabolism. Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces an inadequate amount of thyroid hormones. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is inflammation of the thyroid gland that occurs as a result of an abnormal immune system response, according to MedlinePlus. Other causes of hypothyroidism are birth defects, radiation treatments, surgery and certain medications. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, sensitivity to cold temperatures, constipation, depression, dry skin, brittle hair and nails, general weakness and weight gain. Hypothyroidism can usually be managed with intake of synthetic thyroid hormones. Treatment is lifelong and requires daily supplementation.
Dehydration
Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body does not contain enough water to carry out normal body processes. Dehydration develops when the body loses more fluid then it takes in, such as during times of persistent diarrhea or vomiting or intense exercise that leads to excessive sweating. MayoClinic.com notes that a high fever can also lead to dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration include sleepiness and fatigue, dry mouth, increased thirst, decreased urine output, muscle weakness, headache, dizziness and lightheadedness. Most cases of dehydration can be treated with increased intake of water. In cases of severe dehydration or for those who are at a high risk of developing complications, such as infants or elderly adults, dehydration may require hospitalization during which intravenous fluids and salts will be administered.
