Ringworm, also known as tinea capitis, is a fungal infection that occurs on the surface of the skin. The origin of its name stems from the early belief that the infection is caused by an actual worm. Typical signs of scalp ringworm are distinct, round patches of scaly skin where the outside border resembles a worm. Scalp ringworm is contagious and is a common fungal infection among children. Once treatment has begun, scalp ringworm is no longer contagious.
Black Dot Ringworm
Black dot ringworm is caused by an organism called trichophyton. Trichophyton is a common fungus found on the scalp. Black dot ringworm causes a scalp infection in the shaft of the hair. Because of the infection's location, the hair becomes brittle and breaks off. The infection also causes blisters in the infected area. The scalp infection appears like a black dot where the hair once was. Symptoms of black dot ringworm include patches of hair loss. A mild case of dandruff may also develop. According to the National Institutes of Health, sharing such items as combs, brushes and hats should be avoided to prevent spread of the infection.
Gray Patch Ringworm
Gray patch ringworm is caused by microsporum, another common fungus found on the scalp. Gray patch ringworm begins with a small, red bump or lesion near the hair shaft. It slowly spreads outward to form red and scaly, circular rings that are dry. According to the Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, the root of the hair is usually covered in white debris, which leaves a gray and patchy area on the scalp. The hair surrounding the infected area looks gray and dull as well. Sufferers will experience frequent breakage of the hair and intense itching of the scalp. People with gray patch ringworm can expect normal healing that rarely results in scaring after treatment.
Inflammatory Ringworm
Inflammatory ringworm is another type of ringworm found on the scalp. This condition is from a fungus that is present in animals and soil. Inflammatory ringworm is considered more serious than other forms of ringworm. According to Directors of Health Promotion and Education, children with young pets are particularly vulnerable to contracting an inflammatory ringworm infection. Elevated masses of oozing pus or abscesses form in the infected area. Other symptoms include itchiness, fever, pain and swollen lymph nodes. Permanent hair loss and scarring can result if this condition is left untreated.
