Nexium, also known as esomeprazole, is classified as a proton pump inhibitor. Proton pump inhibitors are medications that block the hydrogen potassium ATpase enzyme, which is responsible for the production of acid in the stomach. According to Nexium website, Nexium is used to treat and prevent erosive esophagitis, a condition caused by acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Acid Reflux
According to the National Institutes of Health, acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter muscle opens spontaneously, or does not close properly. This allows the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, which causes irritation and sores in the lining of the esophagus. Erosive esophagitis occurs when the lining of the esophagitis is continuously injured by stomach acid.
Acid Reflux Symptoms
According to the National Institutes of Health, symptoms of acid reflux occur when acid rises into the esophagus and throat. Patients experience a burning sensation in the mid chest, behind breastbone and in the mid abdomen. Patients may experience cough, asthma and other upper respiratory problems if refluxed stomach acid enters the trachea and lungs. Some patients may experience metallic taste in the mouth and bad breath. Patients with chronic untreated acid reflux may develop problems swallowing, which are caused by the narrowing of the esophagus due to chronic injury by stomach acid.
Acid Reflux Prevention
The National Institutes of Health states that acid reflux is prevented using several lifestyle adjustments. Patients are advised to lose weight and avoid eating food at bedtime. Patients should eat supper two hours before bedtime in order to prevent nighttime reflux. Patients should also avoid alcohol, fatty foods, peppermint, coffee and tomato based products as these products irritate the esophagus and cause the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to become weak.
Side Effects of Nexium
According to the Nexium website, common side effects of Nexium include headache, dry mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence and constipation. Adverse side effects of Nexium include severe allergic reactions, edema, hypertension, stomatitis, fungal growth in the mouth and esophagus, confusion, depression, liver damage, dizziness and fractures of the wrist, spine and hips. Adverse side effects of Nexium are more common when high doses of Nexium are used long-term.
Nexium Administration
According to the Nexium website, Nexium is available as delayed-release capsule and granules. Nexium capsules should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water one hour before meals. The capsules should not be opened, broken or chewed as this will interfere with the timed-release effect. Nexium granules are mixed with water swallowed within 30 minutes. Patients having problems swallowing may open Nexium capsules and sprinkle pellets on applesauce and swallow immediately without chewing.
