According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, while 5 to 10 percent of persons in the United States become affected with the flu annually, more than 200,000 are hospitalized for complications and 3600 die from complications. The CDC recommends that persons with chronic health conditions, those who are pregnant or older than 65, and children under age 5 should consider getting the flu vaccine in order to prevent influenza, commonly called the flu.
Bacterial Pneumonia
Influenza can lead to bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs and when it caused by bacteria, according to Medline Plus, it is more serious than viral pneumonia. Symptoms include coughing, fever, shortness of breath and changes in mental status. A doctor may order a chest X-ray to determine a diagnosis of pneumonia. It can be treated with antibiotics orally, or intravenously if it is a more serious infection. The elderly, children, and those with immune problems may have a more difficult time recovering from pneumonia. It is important for those at high risk for flu complications to see their doctors if they have symptoms of the flu.
Worsening of Conditions
The flu can exacerbate certain conditions in some individuals. For example, asthmatics who contract the flu may find they are more prone to having an asthma attack, and persons with congestive heart failure may find it more difficult to breathe. Those with existing medical conditions should speak to their doctors about flu prevention practices such as the flu vaccine. Depending on a patient's medical history and status, a doctor may decide to order antiviral medication to shorten the duration of the flu if a patient does contract it.
Sinus Problems and Ear Infections
Especially in children, the flu may precipitate sinus problems and ear infections. These can be very uncomfortable and symptoms can be disruptive. If a parent suspects her child has an ear or sinus infection related to the flu, an evaluation by a pediatrician is necessary. Depending on the severity of symptoms, and the child's condition, the doctor may order an antibiotic to treat the problem.
Viral Encephalitis
Viral encephalitis is swelling of the brain due to viral infection, and may result from influenza. Symptoms can include a change in mental status, dizziness, fever, stiffness in the neck or back, vomiting, or loss of consciousness. Encephalitis is a serious condition that can cause brain damage; therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if a person develops these symptoms.
