The long tube that runs from the bottom of the stomach to the anus is referred to as the "bowel." It is at this location in the digestive tract where food is digested, minerals and water are absorbed, and waste is then evacuated. When cancer develops in the colon (large intestine) or rectum it is called bowel or colorectal cancer.
Significance
According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 106,100 new cases of colon cancer and 40,870 new cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed in 2009 in the United States. In addition, approximately 49,920 deaths will occur from colon and rectal cancer combined in the U.S. during 2009.
Features
When bowel cancer strikes, it starts out as little clumps of tissue called "polyps." These polyps can be small and benign in the beginning, but after a while, they can grow and become cancerous. In the worst of cases, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
Risks
There is no solidified reason why bowel cancer develops, but there are several things that can contribute to it. Old age is one of the most common risk factors. Anyone who is 50 years old or higher is most susceptible. Heredity, smoking, alcohol consumption, having a low-fiber diet and leading a sedentary lifestyle are also contributing factors.
Symptoms
Changes in bowel habits are where symptoms are mostly seen. Diarrhea and constipation can take place and the consistency of the stool can be altered. You can also possibly see blood in your stool that came from the rectum. Pain, cramps, abdominal discomfort and unexplained weight loss can also take place.
Treatments
Surgery is one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer. If the polyps are small, a surgeon can remove them during a colonoscopy procedure. If it is more advanced, a portion of the colon or rectum can be removed along with nearby areas that are healthy, to prevent spreading. Chemotherapy and radiation are also used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Expert Insight
To lower your risk for bowel cancer, lifestyle adjustments can be made, like exercising for 30 minutes most days of the week, maintaining a healthy weight and following a diet that is high in fiber. Get regular screenings after the age of 50.
