More than 50 million individuals in the United States suffer from asthma or allergies, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Although many over-the-counter medications are available to provide relief from allergy symptoms, they are not always effective for those with certain types of allergies, and prescription medication may be necessary. Those who are considering the use of prescription allergy medications should always discuss the advantages and disadvantages of doing so with a doctor or allergist before taking the medication.
Types
Many types of prescription allergy medications exist, and each type is designed to treat specific allergy symptoms. Corticosteriods help prevent and treat inflammation due to allergens, while decongestants can act quickly to relieve nasal and sinus congestion. Antihistamines block the chemical histamine that occurs during an allergic reaction. Immunotherapy injections, also called allergy shots, can relieve allergy symptoms that do not improve with other medications. Emergency epinephrine shots stop the development of severe allergic reactions.
Side Effects
Many prescription allergy medications have the potential for bothersome side effects. Antihistamines may cause dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating or drowsiness. Decongestants may cause sleeplessness, nervousness or increased blood pressure. Corticosteriods may cause short-term side effects such as slight weight gain, increased appetite, cramps, irregular menstruation, indigestion or heartburn, as well as long-term side effects including cataracts, an increase in blood pressure, weight gain, easing bruising, high blood sugar, weakened bones, thinner skin, ulcers and decreased growth in children. Oral corticosteroids generally produce more side effects than inhaled or topical corticosteroid medications, according to the American Academy of Allergies, Asthma and Immunology.
Considerations
Since allergy medications can often cause unpleasant side effects, it may be useful for individuals with allergies to ask a doctor if any lifestyle modifications or natural treatment options are available to reduce their symptoms before deciding to use a prescription medication.
Misconceptions
The first medication prescribed to treat an allergy may not end up being the most effective. Many people may need to try a few different medications to determine which one is the most effective and causes the fewest side effects, according to the website MayoClinic.com. This is why it is important for people taking prescription allergy medications to continue to communicate with their doctor about their symptoms and side effects and receive regular medical check-ups.
Warning
Although it is important for everyone to talk to a doctor before beginning the use of prescription allergy medications, it is particularly important for certain groups to do so. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, the elderly and people with chronic health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure or glaucoma should thoroughly discuss their condition and the potential risks of allergy medications with a doctor.
