Zetia, which is the brand name for ezetimibe, is an oral medication available by prescription only. It is the first member of a new group of drugs that inhibit phytosterol and cholesterol. Phytosterol is a compound found in plants, which can harm the human arteries and heart. Zetia lowers cholesterol levels by blocking the absorption of these compounds, as well as cholesterol found in food and produced by the body. Adverse reactions may occur in users of Zetia.
Side Effects
Zetia may lead to many common side effects. According to the "Drug Information Handbook," about 8 percent of patients may experience headaches. Dizziness and fatigue may also occur. These adverse reactions tend to improve as the patient grows accustomed to the medication. About 4 percent of users experience diarrhea and abdominal pain. Pain in the joints and extremities occur in about 4 percent of users as well. The patient should discuss all concerns with a physician before starting the medication.
Prevention/Solution
The patient may alleviate side effects with over-the-counter medication. The patient should speak with a pharmacist before taking any other medication to ensure that it is safe. Pain killers, such as Tylenol, may treat mild to moderate pain. Diarrhea may be prevented by drinking plenty of water and eating light meals. If diarrhea occurs, an over-the-counter drug like Imodium might help, but if diarrhea continues for more than three days, the patient should contact a health care professional.
Warnings
Patients who are taking both Zetia and fenofibrate are at increased risk of developing gallstones. The "Drug Information Handbook" states that patients should report any signs and symptoms of gallstones, such as sharp pain and cramps in the abdomen, especially in the upper right quadrant.
Considerations
A portion of Zetia is eliminated by the kidneys. Patients with kidney impairment should use the drug with caution, but dosing adjustment is not necessary. The medication is broken down by the liver and may cause reversible liver impairment. In the book "Basic and Clinical Pharmacology," author Bertram Katzumg explains that when Zetia is used with "statin" medications, such as simvastatin and lovastatin, the risk of developing impaired liver function increases. Dosing adjustments are not necessary in cases of mild liver impairment, but should be used with caution. Zetia is not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe liver impairment.
Allergic Reaction
According to "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach" some patients experience allergic reactions. Symptoms include rash and angioedema, which is a condition that causes swelling of the lips, mouth and tongue. Anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening allergy characterized by hives, fainting and difficulty breathing, can also occur. If the patient develops an allergic reaction, he should stop the medication right away and seek medical attention.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
- "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology"; Bertram G. Katzung; 2007
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Josep T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al.; 2008
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