When a child has a cough, options are available for relief, including medications and natural remedies. When cough medicine is the best option, a parent can choose between two types: expectorants and suppressants. Knowing which type of cough medication the child needs is important. Always contact a pediatrician before giving any medication to a child, as not all are approved for use in young children.
Expectorants
Children with chest congestion, thick mucus and a wet-sounding cough, but who are unable to cough up mucus, need a cough medication with an expectorant. This type of cough medicine thins out the mucus, making it easier for the child to cough up the mucus, clear the airway and breathe comfortably. According to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, guaifenesin is the main type of expectorant, which is found in over-the-counter cough medications. AskDrSears.com reports that the word "expectorant" should be listed under the brand name of the medication.
Suppressants
Cough suppressants should only be used if the child has a dry cough and no runny nose or chest congestion. According to AskDrSears.com, cough suppressants will lessen the child's urge to cough by relaxing the cough reflex in the throat and lungs. Cough suppressants are made from dextromethorphan, which can be found in over-the-counter medications. Dextromethorphan, often abbreviated DM, will be listed under the brand name on the package. Cough suppressants are generally given at night, to allow the child to sleep better. A dry cough during the day normally does not interfere with daily activities, and a suppressant is rarely needed.
Home Remedies
Though home remedies may not be as effective as conventional treatment, saline nasal drops may be used to loosen nasal congestion that can cause children to cough. A cool mist humidifier may also help loosen chest congestion and moisten dry nasal passages, which allows the child to breathe easier. The child may also cough less if he sleeps propped up with a few pillows. For babies, a rolled-up towel may be placed under the crib mattress to elevate the head. Placing pillows or towels in the crib may cause suffocation.
