Definition of Manic Depression

Overview

Manic depression is also known as bipolar disorder. Mondofacto.com defines it as alternating moods of abnormal highs (mania) and lows (depression). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, it causes "unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks." Symptoms of manic depression can be severe, but they are treatable.

Identification

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) says more than 10 million Americans suffer from manic depression. It starts in early adolescence and is a chronic condition. People with manic depression suffer bouts of depression and mania that are controlled with various therapies and medications.

Symptoms

The symptoms of manic depression vary. It depends on whether the person is suffering a bout depression or mania. Mania is the heightened phase of manic depression.

According to NAMI, symptoms of mania may include faster-than-normal speech, increased energy, racing thoughts, impulsive activities such as alcohol use, moods that are either irritable or elated, and missing sleep without being tired. According to NAMI, symptoms of depression include lack of energy and ambition, anxiety, prolonged sadness, suicidal thoughts and changes in sleep patterns.

Some people experience mania and depression at the same time, which is called a mixed state.

Manic depression with rapid cycling occurs when a person has episodes of mania or depression.

Causes

The exact cause of manic depression isn't known. NAMI says it can run in families, and stress may aggravate the disorder. The depressive or manic states can be brought about by sleep deprivation, improper medication and hypothyroidism .

Treatment

Treatment for manic depression includes psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), medication, herbal supplements such as St. John's wort, and education.

According to NAMI, the following medications are used to treat manic depression: divalproex sodium (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), lithium (Eskalith or Lithobid), olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), aripiprazole (Abilify), haloperidol (Haldol), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon) and a combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine (Symbyax).

The National Institute of Mental Health says ECT therapy is used for patients who don't respond well to psychotherapy and medication. ECT was also known as shock therapy.

Considerations

Seek help if you or someone you know suffers from manic depression. A proper diagnosis is needed so the right medications can be prescribed. Sometimes medications need to be adjusted.

There are many support groups for those suffering from manic depression, and for their families and friends.