Autism is one of several autism spectrum disorders, or ASDs, that affect the way a child develops, grows and matures. It isn't exactly known how many U.S. children have autism, but statistics do show that it's far more common--three to four times more--in boys than in girls.
Causes of Autism
No one really knows what causes autism, but the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) says that it likely results from abnormalities in the brain caused by chemical and physical irregularities. Autism also seems to run in families, so there is thought to be a hereditary link or a chromosomal irregularity that could be a cause.
When it Appears
The first signs and symptoms of autism always appear in early childhood--by age three, says the NLM. Usually, the first symptoms are evident by age 18 months, cause parents to seek treatment by age two. A child may have no symptoms at all and develop normally until age one or two, and then suddenly show signs of autism. Babies with autism may show early signs, such as not attempting to speak or babble by age one, and an inability to wave or point or make physical gestures.
Symptoms of Early Childhood Autism
Autism affects three basic developmental categories during early childhood: communication (speaking and body language), playing and pretending, and interacting in social situations with other people. Autistic children have heightened senses, and may be more sensitive to bright lights, loud sounds or discomfort, says the NLM. They also become very ingrained in routine and have difficulty with change.
Some of the most common signs include difficulty carrying on a conversation, and delayed development of speech and communication. Autistic children often have difficulty making friends and playing with other children, seem awkward when it comes to body language like eye contact, and prefer to be alone, says the NLM. Autistic children may also be uncomfortable with physical displays of affection or cuddling, and may not acknowledge his or her own name, says the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Diagnosing Autism
If parents see warning signs of autism, they should see their pediatrician for screening. Tests can involve those to rule out other possible causes of symptoms, like a hearing test, and blood testing for lead in the blood. An autism screening test can be given, which involves asking questions, observing the child's behavior and taking a medical history. Then, a doctor will use detailed criteria to determine whether or not autism is the cause, says the NLM.
Treating Autism
There is no cure for autism, and no drug to manage the disease. But, there are a number of methods that can help to control some of the difficult behaviors that may accompany autism, like aggression, anxiety, inattention, moodiness or insomnia, says the NLM. Some medications, like antidepressants or risperidone, may be prescribed to help with these symptoms. Therapy, including speech, occupational and behavioral therapies, is very important to help autistic children manage their disease.
Living With Autism
An autistic child will never outgrow the disorder, but he or she can learn ways to manage autistic behaviors. Children with autism can learn to succeed socially and in school, and can even help to improve symptoms of autism.
