Allergen desensitization uses shots to treat people suffering from chronic allergies. Allergy shots are not for everyone and do not work for all types of allergies.
Allergic Reactions
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) explains that when someone experiences an allergic reaction it's because his immune system has a hypersensitivity to a particular substance. When an allergen enters the body, the immune system fights it off as if it was a harmful substance, which triggers a chain reaction leading to allergy symptoms.
Allergens
Allergen desensitization does not work on all allergies--it is most effective with seasonal allergens, indoor allergens and insect bites, according to the Mayo Clinic. Seasonal allergens are primarily caused by increased pollen production from weeds, grasses and trees. Certain molds increase during the spring and summer months. Indoor allergens include dust, cockroaches, pet dander and mold. These allergens are impossible to avoid completely, creating chronic allergy conditions. Insect bites from bees, red ants and wasps are treated with allergen desensitization.
Methodology
Allergen desensitization uses small amounts of the allergen the person is allergic to and injects the allergen into the individual's body. The initial stages of immunotherapy take six months to a year before any improvement is seen. The amount of the allergen is increased over a few years to slowly desensitize the immune system. The Mayo Clinic states that as the allergen is increased, the body builds a tolerance for the substance and symptoms are alleviated.
Procedure
Allergy shots can cause a severe allergic reaction and should be administered by a medical professional, according to the AAAAI. After being injected with an allergy shot, the patient should remain under the doctor's observance for at least a half hour. Most severe allergic reactions will occur within a half hour after being given the shot.
Time Frame
Once the patient builds a tolerance for the substance, allergen desensitization treatment should stop. After the completion of allergy shot treatment, continue to see an allergist or family doctor for observation.
