Discoloration of the skin is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of skin-related symptoms. It can refer to a reddish rash, patchy dry spots, brown age spots and even drastic color changes such as those caused by certain chemicals, illnesses and medications. While many skin discolorations are relatively harmless, others can signal significant underlying medical causes. Report any unusual changes in or on your body to your physician.
Causes
Changes in melanin are a common cause of skin discoloration, according to MedlinePlus. Melanin, which gives skin its color, can change due to sun exposure, genetics, certain medications and exposure to heavy metals. Other causes include changes in blood vessels, a growth of foreign organisms on the skin or hormone changes. For example, pregnancy can exaggerate existing skin conditions or cause stretch marks and dark spots, according to the American Pregnancy Association.
Major Concerns
Some changes in skin color can indicate a major medical problem. Liver failure often results in jaundice, a condition that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that bluish skin can be a sign of low oxygen levels, toxin poisoning and abnormal hemoglobin counts, all of which can be fatal. Moles, especially asymmetrical ones, can indicate skin cancer.
Home Care for Minor Discoloration
Skin discolorations may fade without medical intervention or respond to home treatments. The American Academy of Dermatology stresses the importance of staying out of the sun as much as possible and using sunscreen when you do go outdoors because excessive sun exposure can cause or worsen skin discoloration. The most common over-the-counter treatment is a bleaching cream containing up to 2 percent hydroquinone. The cream may effectively treat minor skin discoloration.
When to See a Doctor
Although you should report all abnormal body changes to your physician, it is especially important if you exhibit drastic skin discoloration. The American Cancer Society recommends seeking medical attention if you develop rash-like areas on the skin, are having trouble breathing, experience severe itching or develop excessive or unexplained bruising. Be prepared to tell the doctor when the changes began, if you are taking or were recently taking any medication and if you have any other abnormal symptoms.
Treatment
Physicians and dermatologists use various tools to treat skin discoloration, including prescription creams and medications, chemical peels and laser therapy. Skin cancer usually requires surgery to remove the affected area and in some cases may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy, according to MedlinePlus. Skin discoloration caused by another underlying medical cause may go away once the condition is treated.
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