Itching, which is medically referred to as pruritus, is a sensation triggered by the body in response to some type of irritant. Most people associate itching with skin disorders; however, systemic diseases, which are diseases that affect the whole body, can also cause itching. Although itching triggers a need to scratch the area, scratching should be avoided if possible.
Dry Skin
Water is responsible for the elasticity and normally smooth appearance of the skin. When water and moisture are depleted from skin cells, dry skin results, which is characterized by shriveled skin cells and fine wrinkles, according to MayoClinic.com. Dry skin has a rough and flaky appearance that is accompanied by widespread itching. Some of the most common causes of dry skin include extremely cold temperatures, hot showers, central air or heating, chemical irritants in soaps and bath products and repeated sun exposure. Most cases of dry skin are mild and can be successfully treated with regular use of moisturizers and avoidance of long, hot showers. More serious cases may require prescription creams and lotions to provide moisture to the skin.
Scabies
Scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation of the skin by a microscopic species of mite. Scabies is extremely contagious and usually spread through direct contact with an infected individual. When the mites invade the skin, they burrow into it and lay their eggs. According to MedlinePlus, the eggs mature in 21 days and cause an allergic reaction characterized by an itchy, widespread rash that often intensifies at night. Treatment for scabies consists of the application of prescription creams over the entire area of the body. Family members and sexual partners may also be treated as a precaution. In severe cases, oral medication may be required to kill the mites and reduce itching.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by intensive scarring in the liver. The scarring occurs as a result of gradual deterioration of the liver due to chronic injury, such as constant alcohol abuse, hepatitis, bile duct diseases, genetic diseases and certain types of drugs or infections, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Symptoms of cirrhosis include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal pain and widespread itching. Liver scarring cannot be reversed so treatment for cirrhosis consists of slowing down the progression of the disease as well as reducing symptoms. Treatment options include avoidance of alcohol, a balanced diet and medications. When complications cannot be treated with other options, liver transplants may be considered.
