Exhaustion, medically referred to as fatigue, is a lack of energy and tiredness that usually interferes with daily life and activities. Exhaustion is a common symptom that most often occurs as a normal response to increased physical or mental exertion, according to MedlinePlus. In some cases, exhaustion can indicate an underlying condition or lack of proper nutrition.
Long-term Stress
Stress is a normal body response that is triggered when a challenge is faced or during times of increased pressure. During times of stress, the body activates the central nervous system and signals a part of the brain called the hypothalamus to trigger the release of adrenaline and cortisol from the adrenal glands. Adrenaline and cortisol increase heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism and rate of breathing. This process increases blood flow to the muscles and prepares them for use. In normal circumstances, this stress response, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is a useful tool in preventing immediate danger and is over quickly.
When stress is long-term, such as during relationship problems or demanding schedules, the nervous system remains constantly active, which can put unhealthy pressure on the body. A constantly active nervous system weakens the body's immune system and cause exhaustion, according to KidsHealth. Other symptoms of long-term stress include anxiety, irritability, headaches, chest pain, difficulty sleeping and depression.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition characterized by an inadequate amount of nutrients in the body. MedlinePlus notes that there are three main causes for malnutrition--inadequate intake through the diet, digestion or absorption problems and chronic medical conditions. Malnutrition ranges in severity and symptoms vary depending on which nutrient is causing the malnutrition; however, common symptoms of malnutrition include exhaustion and fatigue, dizziness and weight loss. Treatment for malnutrition consists of replacing the inadequate nutrients. If a medical condition is the underlying cause, treatment also focuses on correcting the condition.
Chronic Disorders
Chronic disorders may also result in exhaustion. A common chronic disorder that causes exhaustion is chronic fatigue syndrome. Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by extreme fatigue and exhaustion that gets worse with increased activity and stress, but does not decrease with any amount of rest, according to MayoClinic.com. The exact cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is unknown, which makes the condition difficult to treat.
Another chronic disease that can cause exhaustion is fibromyalgia. The most common symptoms of fibromyalgia are widespread muscle, tender areas on the body and exhaustion and fatigue, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Fibromyalgia is also difficult to treat and usually requires a team of medical professionals.
