Liver spots are dark patches of skin that commonly develop on the face and hands, according to the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Also known as age spots or lentigines, they are usually round, brown or black, and flat. They can cluster together and usually develop as people age, though they can appear at a young age. Liver spots are harmless and do not require treatment.
Sun Exposure
Skin gets its normal color from a pigment called melanin. But when skin is exposed to sunlight for long periods, its production of melanin increases, according to MayoClinic.com. This process is what causes people to tan, but over a long period of time it can also cause liver spots. The spots form when the extra melanin produced by sun exposure clusters together in a particular patch of skin or when an area of skin starts producing more melanin than normal. Frequent, long-term use of tanning beds can have the same effect.
Other Factors
Aging itself can cause the skin to start producing more melanin, which can eventually lead to age spots, according to MayoClinic.com. In addition, some people seem to be genetically susceptible to the condition and are more likely to have age spots.
Risk Factors
People with fair skin are at a higher risk of developing liver spots, though they can be found on people with dark skin as well. Those with a history of intense or frequent sun exposure, such as lifeguards or farmers, are also more likely to develop the condition. People over age 40 are at high risk for liver spots.
