The ear is a complex organ that contains a number of structures that aid in hearing and help the body maintain its balance. These structures include bones, passageways and a fluid called endolymph. When changes, abnormalities or infections occur in any of these structures, it can cause an array of symptoms, including increased ear pressure.
Ear Barotrauma
Ear barotrauma is discomfort in the ear that is caused by difference in pressure between the inside of the eardrum and the outside of the eardrum. Normally, a structure inside the ear called the eustachian tube opens and closes to allow air to flow into and out of the ear in an attempt to keep pressure equal on both sides. In those with ear barotrauma, the eustachian tube is blocked and pressure builds up inside the ear. Ear barotrauma can occur as a result of altitude changes, allergies, upper respiratory infections and birth defects, according to MedlinePlus. Symptoms of ear barotrauma include pressure in the ears, dizziness, ear pain, slight temporary hearing loss and nosebleed. Ear barotrauma can usually be corrected with self measures that aim to open the eustachian tube, such as chewing gum, yawning and sucking on candy. If these efforts are unsuccessful, medications to relieve nasal congestion may be needed.
Otitis Externa
Otitis externa, often referred to as swimmer's ear, is an ear infection that affects the outer ear and the ear canal. The infection develops when protective ear wax is removed from the ear and germs and bacteria entering the ear through the ear canal. A number of situations and can aid in the removal of the protective wax and the development of otitis externa--swimming or showering frequently, cleaning the ears, injury to the ear and certain skin conditions, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Symptoms of otitis externa include pain, itching, pressure in the affected ear, fluid drainage from the affected ear and decreased hearing. Otitis externa can be treated with ear drops that contain antibiotics.
Meniere's Disease
The inner ear contains a structure called the labyrinth that consists of two parts--the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is full of a fluid called endolymph that aids in the maintenance of balance as well as proper hearing. Meniere's disease is a condition that occurs when the endolymph undergoes a change in volume or composition. Symptoms of Meniere's disease usually occur suddenly and include ringing in the ears, severe dizziness, loss of hearing and a feeling of increased pressure in the affected ear. The goal of treatment for Meniere's disease is to reduce the amount of fluid that the body retains. This can be done through the use of diuretics as well as following a salt-free diet. A surgical option called a labyrinthectomy is available as well, but is only used in severe cases because results in hearing loss.
